Legit Wolverine

TILE 07 · THE CITATION REGISTER

BPC-157 TB-500 references, logged to source

Every quantitative claim on this site resolves to a numbered entry below — the primary peptide research and the FDA regulatory record.

Read the researchFrequently asked questions

How to read this register

These are the primary research citations behind the BPC-157 TB-500 site. Entries 1-11 are the peer-reviewed peptide literature for the two constituents; entries 12-13 are the FDA regulatory sources behind the Wolverine legal status page. The blend itself has no controlled trial, so every entry describes a single compound — BPC-157 or Thymosin Beta-4 / TB-500 — not the combination. Each carries a DOI or a PubMed link for verification. For the same findings answered question by question, see the frequently asked questions.

  1. Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. ↗
  2. Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95:323-333. ↗
  3. Irobi E, et al. Structural basis of actin sequestration by thymosin-beta4: implications for WH2 proteins. EMBO J. 2004. ↗
  4. Goldstein AL, Hannappel E, Sosne G, Kleinman HK. Thymosin beta4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2012. ↗
  5. Malinda KM, et al. Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing. J Invest Dermatol. 1999. ↗
  6. Philp D, et al. Thymosin beta4 increases hair growth by activation of hair follicle stem cells. FASEB J. 2004. ↗
  7. Philp D, et al. Thymosin beta4 promotes angiogenesis, wound healing, and hair follicle development. Mech Ageing Dev. 2004. ↗
  8. Esposito S, et al. Synthesis and characterization of the N-terminal acetylated 17-23 fragment of thymosin beta 4 identified in TB-500, a product suspected to possess doping potential. Drug Test Anal. 2012. ↗
  9. Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. HSS J. 2025. ↗
  10. Mendias CL, Awan TM. Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance. Sports Med. 2026. ↗
  11. Protective Effects of BPC 157 on Liver, Kidney, and Lung Distant Organ Damage in Rats with Experimental Lower-Extremity Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025;61(2):291. ↗
  12. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks (Category 2; BPC-157 and "Thymosin beta-4, fragment (LKKTETQ), also known as TB-500" entries effective with the September 29, 2023 update); and Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act. ↗
  13. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (agenda lists BPC-157 and TB-500 as bulk drug substances being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List). ↗